Home  ›  Baby Pic of George Orwell a Average Writer in 1928

Baby Pic of George Orwell a Average Writer in 1928

Written By dimanche 16 janvier 2022 Add Comment Edit

List of works by George Orwell

George Orwell
bibliography
A black-and-white photograph of Orwell: a Caucasian man with a thin mustache

Orwell pictured by the National Union of Journalists in 1943
Books↙ 3
Novels↙ 6
Articles↙ 556
Stories↙ 5
Collections↙ 37
Pamphlets↙ 7
Poems↙ 18
Plays↙ 1
Scripts↙ 4
Journals↙ 5
Letters↙ 5
Books edited↙ 2
Periodicals edited↙ 1
Newspapers edited↙ 2
Complete works↙ 647
References and footnotes

The bibliography of George Orwell includes journalism, essays, novels and non-fiction books written by the British writer Eric Blair (1903–1950), either under his own name or, more usually, under his pen name George Orwell. Orwell was a prolific writer on topics related to contemporary English society and literary criticism, who has been declared "perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture."[1] His non-fiction cultural and political criticism constitutes the majority of his work, but Orwell also wrote in several genres of fictional literature.

Orwell is best remembered for his political commentary as a left-wing anti-totalitarian. As he explained in the essay "Why I Write" (1946), "Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it."[2] To that end, Orwell used his fiction as well as his journalism to defend his political convictions. He first achieved widespread acclaim with his fictional novella Animal Farm and cemented his place in history with the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four shortly before his death. While fiction accounts for a small fraction of his total output, these two novels are his best-selling works, having sold almost fifty million copies in sixty-two languages by 2007—more than any other pair of books by a twentieth-century author.[3]

Orwell wrote non-fiction—including book reviews, editorials, and investigative journalism—for a variety of British periodicals. In his lifetime he published hundreds of articles including several regular columns in British newsweeklies related to literary and cultural criticism as well as his explicitly political writing. In addition he wrote book-length investigations of poverty in Britain in the form of Down and Out in Paris and London and The Road to Wigan Pier and one of the first retrospectives on the Spanish Civil War in Homage to Catalonia. Between 1941 and 1946 he also wrote fifteen "London Letters" for the American political and literary quarterly Partisan Review, the first of which appeared in the issue dated March–April 1941.

Only two compilations of Orwell's body of work were published in his lifetime, but since his death over a dozen collected editions have appeared. Two attempts have been made at comprehensive collections: The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters in four volumes (1968, 1970), co-edited by Ian Angus and Orwell's widow Sonia Brownell; and The Complete Works of George Orwell, in 20 volumes, edited by Peter Davison, which began publication in the mid-1980s. The latter includes an addendum, The Lost Orwell (2007).

The impact of Orwell's large corpus is manifested in additions to the Western canon such as Nineteen Eighty-Four, its subjection to continued public notice and scholarly analyses, and the changes to vernacular English it has effected—notably the adoption of "Orwellian" as a description of totalitarian societies.

Books: non-fiction and novels [edit]

Orwell wrote six novels: Burmese Days, A Clergyman's Daughter, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Coming Up for Air, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Most of these were semi-autobiographical. Burmese Days was inspired by his period working as an imperial policeman and is fictionalized; A Clergyman's Daughter follows a young woman who passes out from overwork and wakes up an amnesiac, forced to wander the countryside as she finds herself, eventually losing her belief in God, despite being the daughter of a clergyman. Keep the Aspidistra Flying and Coming Up for Air are examinations of the British class system. Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four are his most famous novels.

In addition to his novels Orwell also wrote three non-fiction books. Down and Out in Paris and London records his experiences tramping in those two cities. The Road to Wigan Pier is initially a study of poverty in the North of England, but ends with an extended autobiographical essay describing some of Orwell's experiences with poverty. Homage to Catalonia recounts his experiences as a volunteer fighting fascism with the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification in anarchist Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War.

  • Down and Out in Paris and London (9 January 1933, Victor Gollancz Ltd)
  • Burmese Days (25 October 1934, Harper & Brothers)
  • A Clergyman's Daughter (11 March 1935, Victor Gollancz Ltd)
  • Keep the Aspidistra Flying (20 April 1936, Victor Gollancz Ltd)
  • The Road to Wigan Pier (February 1937, Left Book Club edition; 8 March 1937 Victor Gollancz Ltd edition for the general public)
  • Homage to Catalonia (25 April 1938, Secker and Warburg)
  • Coming Up for Air (12 June 1939, Victor Gollancz Ltd)
  • Animal Farm (17 August 1945, Secker and Warburg)
  • Nineteen Eighty-Four (8 June 1949, Secker and Warburg)

Articles [edit]

Orwell wrote hundreds of essays, book reviews and editorials. His insights into linguistics, literature and politics—in particular anti-fascism, anti-communism, and democratic socialism—continued to be influential decades after his death.[4] Over a dozen of these were published in collections during his life—Inside the Whale and Other Essays by his original publisher Victor Gollancz Ltd in 1940, and Critical Essays by Secker and Warburg in 1946. The latter press also published the collections Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays in 1950 (republished by Penguin in 2003) and England Your England and Other Essays in 1953.

Since his death many collections of essays have appeared, with the first attempt at a comprehensive collection being the four-volume Collected Essays, Letters and Journalism of George Orwell edited by Ian Angus and Sonia Brownell, which was published by Secker and Warburg and Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich in 1968–1970. Peter Davison of De Montfort University spent 17 years researching and correcting the entirety of Orwell's works[5] with Angus and Sheila Davison, and devoted the last eleven volumes of the twenty-volume series The Complete Works of George Orwell to essays, letters, and journal entries. The entire series was initially printed by Secker and Warburg in 1986, finished by Random House in 1998, and revised between 2000 and 2002.

Pamphlets [edit]

Starting with The Lion and the Unicorn (1941), several of Orwell's longer essays took the form of pamphlets:

  • The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius was printed by his publisher Secker and Warburg as Searchlight Books No. 1 on 19 February 1941.
  • Betrayal of the Left was printed by his other regular publisher Victor Gollancz Ltd. in 1941, with material from Victor Gollancz, John Strachey, and others.
  • Victory or Vested Interest? came from The Labour Book Service on 15 May 1942, with Orwell's "Culture and Democracy" (made up of the pieces "Fascism and Democracy" and "Patriots and Revolutionaries") amongst others.
  • Talking to India, by E. M. Forster, Richie Calder, Cedric Dover, Hsiao Ch'ien and Others: A Selection of English Language Broadcasts to India was published in 1943 by Allen & Unwin, edited with an introduction by Orwell.
  • James Burnham and the Managerial Revolution – Socialist Book Centre, printing of Second Thoughts on James Burnham under this title in July 1946.
  • The English People was printed by HarperCollins 1947.
  • British Pamphleteers Volume 1: From the 16th Century the 18th Century from Allan Wingate, spring 1948 was co-edited by Orwell and Reginald Reynolds with an introduction by Orwell.

Poems [edit]

Orwell was not widely known for writing verse, but he did publish several poems that have survived, including many written during his school days:[6]

  • "Awake! Young Men of England" (1914)
  • "Ballade" (1929)
  • "A Dressed Man and a Naked Man" (1933)
  • "A Happy Vicar I Might Have Been" (1935)
  • "Ironic Poem About Prostitution" (written prior to 1936)
  • "Kitchener" (1916)
  • "The Lesser Evil" (1924)
  • "A Little Poem" (1935)
  • "On a Ruined Farm Near the His Master's Voice Gramophone Factory" (1934)
  • "Our Minds Are Married, but We Are Too Young" (1918)
  • "The Pagan" (1918)
  • "The Wounded Cricketer" (1920)
  • "Poem from Burma" (1922–1927)
  • "Romance" (1925)
  • "Sometimes in the Middle Autumn Days" (1933)
  • "Suggested by a Toothpaste Advertisement" (1918–1919)
  • "Summer-like for an Instant" (1933)
  • "As One Non-Combatant to Another" (1943)

In October 2015 Finlay Publisher, for The Orwell Society, published George Orwell: The Complete Poetry, compiled and presented by Dione Venables.[7] [8]

Editing [edit]

In addition to the pamphlets British Pamphleteers Volume 1: From the 16th Century the 18th Century and Talking to India, by E. M. Forster, Richie Calder, Cedric Dover, Hsiao Ch'ien and Others: A Selection of English Language Broadcasts to India, Orwell edited two newspapers during his Eton years—College Days/The Colleger (1917) and Election Times (1917–1921). While working for the BBC, he collected six editions of a poetry magazine named Voice which were broadcast by Orwell, Mulk Raj Anand, John Atkins, Edmund Blunden, Venu Chitale, William Empson, Vida Hope, Godfrey Kenton, Una Marson, Herbert Read, and Stephen Spender. The magazine was published and distributed to the readers before being broadcast by the BBC. Issue five has not been recovered and was consequently excluded from W. J. West's collection of BBC transcripts.

Collected editions [edit]

Two essay collections were published during Orwell's lifetime—Inside the Whale and Other Essays in 1940 and Critical Essays in 1946 (the latter published in the United States as Dickens, Dali, and Others in 1958.) His publisher followed up these anthologies with Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays in 1950, England Your England and Other Essays in 1953—which was revised as Such, Such Were the Joys—and Collected Essays in 1961. The first significant publications in the United States were Doubleday's A Collection of Essays by George Orwell from 1954, 1956's The Orwell Reader, Fiction, Essays, and Reportage from Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, and Penguin's Selected Essays in 1957; re-released in 1962 with the title Inside the Whale and Other Essays and in abridged form as Why I Write in 2005 as a part of the Great Ideas series. In the aforementioned series, Penguin also published the short collections Books v. Cigarettes (2008), Some Thoughts on the Common Toad (2010), and Decline of the English Murder (2009). The latter does not contain the same texts as Decline of the English Murder and Other Essays, published by Penguin in association with Secker & Warburg in 1965. The complete texts Orwell wrote for the Observer are collected in Orwell: The Observer Years published by Atlantic Books in 2003.

External video
video icon After Words interview with George Packer, conducted by Christopher Hitchens, featuring discussion of Orwell's writings and Packer's work editing Facing Unpleasant Facts and All Art Is Propaganda, C-SPAN[9]

In 1976 Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd in association with Octopus Books published The Complete Novels, this edition was later republished by Penguin Books in 1983, and reprinted in Penguin Classics 2000 and 2009. Since the publication of Davison's corrected critical edition, John Carey's thorough Essays was released on 15 October 2002, as a part of the Everyman's Library and George Packer edited two collections for Houghton Mifflin, released on 13 October 2008—All Art Is Propaganda: Critical Essays and Facing Unpleasant Facts: Narrative Essays.

Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus edited a four volume collection of Orwell's writings, The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, divided into four volumes:

  • An Age Like This 1920–1940
  • My Country Right or Left 1940–1943 (first published 1968)
  • As I Please, 1943–1945
  • In Front of Your Nose, 1945–1950

The Complete Works of George Orwell is a twenty-volume series, with the first nine being devoted to the non-fiction books and novels and the final eleven volumes entitled:

  • A Kind of Compulsion: 1903–1936
  • Facing Unpleasant Facts: 1937–1939
  • A Patriot After All: 1940–1941
  • All Propaganda Is Lies: 1941–1942
  • Keeping Our Little Corner Clean: 1942–1943
  • Two Wasted Years: 1943
  • I Have Tried to Tell the Truth: 1943–1944
  • I Belong to the Left: 1945
  • Smothered Under Journalism: 1946
  • It Is What I Think: 1947–1948
  • Our Job Is to Make Life Worth Living: 1949–1950

In 2001 Penguin published four selections from The Complete Works of George Orwell edited by Peter Davison in their modern classics series titled Orwell and the Dispossessed: Down and Out in Paris and London in the Context of Essays, Reviews and Letters selected from The Complete Works of George Orwell with an introduction by Peter Clarke, Orwell's England: The Road to Wigan Pier in the Context of Essays, Reviews, Letters and Poems selected from The Complete Works of George Orwell with an introduction by Ben Pimlott, Orwell in Spain: The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles, Reviews and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell with an introduction by Christopher Hitchens, and Orwell and Politics: Animal Farm in the Context of Essays, Reviews and Letters selected from The Complete Works of George Orwell with an introduction by Timothy Garton Ash.

Davison later compiled a handful of writings—including letters, an obituary for H. G. Wells, and his reconstruction of Orwell's list—into Lost Orwell: Being a Supplement to The Complete Works of George Orwell, which was published by Timewell Press in 2006, with a paperback published on 25 September 2007. In 2011, Davison's selection of letters and journal entries were published as George Orwell: A Life in Letters and Diaries by Harvill Secker.[10] A selection by Davison from Orwell's journalism and other writings were published by Harvill Secker in 2014 under the title Seeing Things as They Are.

Other works [edit]

After his first publication—the poem "Awake! Young Men of England", published in the Henley and South Oxfordshire Standard in 1914—Orwell continued to write for his school publications The Election Times and College Days/The Colleger.[6] He also experimented with writing for several years before he could support himself as an author. These pieces include first-hand journalism (e.g. 1931's "The Spike"), articles (e.g. 1931's "Hop-Picking"), and even a one-act play—Free Will. (He would also adapt four plays as radio dramas.)

His production of fiction was not as prolific—while living in Paris he wrote a few unpublished stories and two novels,[11] but burned the manuscripts (Orwell routinely destroyed his manuscripts and with the exception of a partial copy of Nineteen Eighty-Four, all are lost. Davison would publish this as Nineteen Eighty-Four: The Facsimile of the Extant Manuscript by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in May 1984, ISBN 978-0-15-166034-6.) In addition, Orwell produced several pieces while working at the BBC as a correspondent. Some were written by him and others were merely recited for radio broadcast. For years, these went uncollected until the anthologies Orwell: The War Broadcasts (Marboro Books, June 1985 and in the United States, as Orwell: The Lost Writings by Arbor House, September 1985) and Orwell: The War Commentaries (Gerald Duckworth & Company Ltd., London, 1 January 1985) were edited by W. J. West. Orwell was responsible for producing The Indian Section of BBC Eastern Service and his program notes from 1 February and 7 December 1942, have survived (they are reproduced in War Broadcasts). He was also asked to provide an essay about British cooking along with recipes for The British Council. Orwell kept a diary which has been published by his widow—Sonia Brownell—and academic Peter Davison, in addition to his private correspondence.

Full list of publications [edit]

Legend for collected editions
All Art Is Propaganda: Critical Essays (AAIP)
Critical Essays (CrE)
Collected Essays (ColE)
The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell (CEJL)
A Collection of Essays by George Orwell (CoE)
Complete Novels (CN)
The Complete Works of George Orwell (CW)
Decline of the English Murder and Other Essays (DotEM)
England Your England and Other Essays (EYE)
Essays (Everyman's Library) (EL)
Essays (Penguin Classics) (ELp)
Facing Unpleasant Facts: Narrative Essays (FUF)
Inside the Whale and Other Essays (ItW)
Lost Orwell: Being a Supplement to The Complete Works of George Orwell (LO)
Orwell and Politics (OP)
Orwell and the Dispossessed (OD)
Orwell in Spain (OS)
Orwell: The Observer Years (OY)
Orwell: The War Broadcasts (WB)
Orwell: The War Commentaries (WC)
Orwell's England (OE)
The Orwell Reader, Fiction, Essays, and Reportage (OR)
Penguin Great Ideas
Books v. Cigarettes (BvC)
Decline of the English Murder (DEM)
Some Thoughts on the Common Toad (STCM)
Why I Write (WIW)
Ruins. Orwell's Reports as War Correspondent in France, Germany and Austria from February until June 1945 (R)
Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays (SaE)
Selected Essays (SE)
Such, Such Were the Joys (SSWtJ)

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Usually it is fairly certain that the titles of essays are Orwell's. Reviews, articles and letters to editors, however, were often given titles or headings by editors. Orwell mainly submitted his typescripts listing only the name of the author and title of the work being reviewed. Titles listed here are those found in George Orwell: A Bibliography by Fenwick, who gives them as originally printed, whereas Davison in The Complete Works seeks to cut out all titles that cannot with certainty be attributed to Orwell. For more information see the editorial note in The Complete Works, Vol. 10.
  2. ^ a b c d e f The Election Times was produced by Eric Blair (Orwell) and other Eton scholars. Issues consisted of sets of handwritten pages and the precise makeup of each issue is therefore unclear. Blair was involved in the production of five issues, out of which only one, Number 4 (3 June 1918) have survived intact. Blair is listed as business manager, Denys King-Farlow as art manager, and R. A. B. Mynors as editor. Attributions of authorship is complicated because contributions were anonymous and the producers sometimes wrote out texts other than their own.
    Out of the contributions which can be attributed to Orwell with some certainty, Davison lists the three short stories, "The Adventure of the Lost Meat-card", "A Peep into the Future", and "The Slack-bob", as published in The Election Times No. 4. Fenwick additionally lists the dramatic sketch "Free Will", the poem "The Wounded Cricketer (Not Walt Whitman)", and two stanzas of the poem "The Youthful Mariner", as published in the issue. According to Davison the poems and the dramatic sketch listed by Fenwick, as well as the poem "The Photographer" and some or all of the poem "The Millionaires Pearl" may have formed part of the issue or may have been intended for another issue. All five of these uncertain additions, as well as "The Slack-bob", were, however, later reprinted in their original, or revised, form in College Days No. 5. For further discussion on attribution of the texts in The Election Times, see Davison, The Complete Works, Vol. 10, entry 29.[96] [97]
  3. ^ a b c For three entries ("After Twelve", "Ode to Field Days", and "A Summer Idyll") Fenwick erroneously gives the year of publication for issue number four of College Days as 1919 instead of 1920.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q For further discussion on attribution of the texts in College Days, see Davison, The Complete Works, Vol. 10, entry 37
  5. ^ a b The ten unsigned reviews in The Listener are attributed by Davison to Orwell from the journal's records.[31]
  6. ^ Orwell's authorship of this article is disputed. In a review published in Times Higher Education, Scott Bradfield writes:

    There are also times when Davison seems in too big a hurry to add a hitherto neglected item to the canon, such as his inclusion of an essay titled: "Can socialists be happy?" which was originally published under the name John Freeman. "Freeman" is the sort of nom de plume Orwell might have relished, and the essay does refer to many of Orwell's favourite subjects. But it is also just about the worst piece of writing in this entire edition, studded with the sort of wooden, thesis-driven paragraphs you might expect from a class in freshman composition. As Davison provides no compelling evidence that this essay must have been written by Orwell, the world could probably live without it.[35]

    While Peter Davison—the editor of the Complete Works—writes:

    George Orwell's payment book for 20 December 1943, records the sum of pounds 5.50 for a special article of 2,000 words for Tribune [...]. The name Freeman would have appealed to Orwell as a pseudonym, and the article has many social, political and literary links with Orwell [...]. The reason why Orwell chose to write as 'John Freeman' [...] is not clear. It may be that Tribune did not want its literary editor to be seen to be associated with its political pages. Possibly it was a device that allowed Orwell to be paid a special fee. Or it may be that he simply wished to see how far Tribune would let him go with his opinions.[36]

  7. ^ a b It is not possible to precisely date the material Orwell drafted during his time with the Imperial Police in Burma from 1922 to 1927.[47]
  8. ^ a b Orwell reviewed Alec Brown's The Fate of the Middle Classes on two separate occasions in the months following its 1936 publication, in April for The New English Weekly and in May for The Adelphi.[57]
  9. ^ a b c d Orwell conceived of the four-part series, "The Intellectual Revolt", "What Is Socialism?", "The Christian Reformers" and "Pacifism and Progress", as a single entity and possibly also intended the series to later be published as a pamphlet. He also wrote an afterword in April 1946 for a German abridged translation published in Neue Auslese aus dem Schrifttum der Gegenwart No. 8 (August 1946). The original English typescript of the afterword has not survived, but a new English translation from German is published in The Complete Works, Vol. 18.[69]
  10. ^ Orwell was vice-chairman of the Freedom Defence Committee. The other signatories were Arthur Ballard, Gerald Brenan, Vera Brittain, Fenner Brockway, Alex Comfort, Cyril Connolly, Rhys J. Davies, Bob Edwards, Laurence Housman, Augustus John, H. J. Laski, Stuart Morris, Sidney Vere Pearson, R. S. W. Pollard, Herbert Read, Frank Ridley, Harry Roberts, D. S. Savage, Clare Sheridan, J. Allen Skinner, Dinah Stock, Julian Symons, Michael Tippett, Wilfred Wellock and George Woodcock[75]
  11. ^ Only the last two parts of the essay; first part "England Your England" is in Orwell's England
  12. ^ a b c d Orwell reviewed the three works together under the headline "Spanish Tragedy" in Time and Tide, 16 July 1938. Searchlight on Spain was also review separately by Orwell in The New English Weekly, 21 July 1938, The Civil War in Spain, in The New Leader, 8 July 1938 and Spain's Ordeal, in The New English Weekly, 23 June 1938.[114]
  13. ^ It is unknown when Orwell wrote these notes. Davison posits a date of composition in early 1939 or possible earlier, writing that "[the] notes may have been written when Orwell was working on Homage to Catalonia, but more probably after its publication." A later date is, however, also possible, Davison adds that Orwell's friend Geoffrey Gorer "guessed their date of composition as summer 1940, after Dunkirk, for someone at the War Office interested in the experience of militias as resistance fighters."[90]
  14. ^ The other signatories were H. G. Wells, John Baird, Fred Longden, Peter Freeman, Frank Ridley, C. A. Smith, Arthur Ballard, Paul Potts, Julian Symons, C. E. M. Joad, Arthur Koestler, Henry Sara, George Padmore and J. F. Horrabin. Longden and Freeman were not signatories of the abridged version in Forward.[43]
  15. ^ In the collection England Your England and Other Essays chapter two of The Road to Wigan Pier is reprinted as "Down the Mine" and chapter seven as "North and South".
  16. ^ In the collection Selected Essays chapter two of The Road to Wigan Pier is reprinted under the title "Down the Mine".
  17. ^ Reprinted as "Why I Joined the Independent Labour Party" in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, Vol. I.[134]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Still the Moon Under Water". The Economist. 30 July 2008.
  2. ^ Orwell, George (1946). "Why I Write". Gangrel (4, Summer).
  3. ^ Rodden 2007, p. 10
  4. ^ McLaughlin 2007, p. 160 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcLaughlin2007 (help)
  5. ^ Davison, Peter. "Welcome from Peter Davison". The Orwell Prize. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  6. ^ a b Rodden 2007, pp. xii–xvi
  7. ^ Florian Zollmann, "Edition of Orwell's Poems: 'A Trimph'", The Orwell Society, 16 October 2015.
  8. ^ "George Orwell: The Complete Poetry" event, Scarthin Books, 7 November 2015.
  9. ^ "After Words with George Packer". C-SPAN. 15 December 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  10. ^ Leys, Simon (6 May 2011). "The Intimate Orwell". The New York Review of Books.
  11. ^ Gross 1971, p. 40
  12. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2838
  13. ^ a b c d e Fenwick 1998, p. 225
  14. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 563
  15. ^ a b c d e f Fenwick 1998, p. 172
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fenwick 1998, p. 173
  17. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 43
  18. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2895
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fenwick 1998, p. 227
  20. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 453
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fenwick 1998, p. 184
  22. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 386A
  23. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 404
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fenwick 1998, p. 183
  25. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 400
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fenwick 1998, p. 182
  27. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2888
  28. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 214
  29. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2892
  30. ^ a b c Fenwick 1998, p. 228
  31. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 416
  32. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2882
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fenwick 1998, p. 226
  34. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 185
  35. ^ Bradfield, Scott (24 July 1998). "Orwell's Every Word". Times Higher Education.
  36. ^ Davison 1998g, p. 37
  37. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 529
  38. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 549
  39. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2887
  40. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 204
  41. ^ a b c d e Fenwick 1998, p. 174
  42. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 53
  43. ^ a b c Davison 1998i, entry 2900
  44. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 568
  45. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 64
  46. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 378
  47. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 63
  48. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 371A
  49. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2862
  50. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 446
  51. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 470
  52. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 382
  53. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 428
  54. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 406
  55. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 392
  56. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2843
  57. ^ Bounds 2009, p. 56
  58. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 485
  59. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2841
  60. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 62
  61. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 430
  62. ^ a b Fenwick 1998, p. 175
  63. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 438
  64. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 441
  65. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2883
  66. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 451
  67. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2885
  68. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2875
  69. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2874, 2879, 2879A
  70. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2876
  71. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2877
  72. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2878
  73. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 52
  74. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2842
  75. ^ a b Davison 1998i, entry 2867
  76. ^ Fenwick 1998, pp. 226–228
  77. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 574
  78. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 456
  79. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 415
  80. ^ a b Fenwick 1998, p. 377
  81. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 28
  82. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 54
  83. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2894
  84. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 396
  85. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 186
  86. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 47
  87. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 61
  88. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2857
  89. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 552
  90. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 439
  91. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2881
  92. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 241
  93. ^ a b Fenwick 1998, p. 373
  94. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 409
  95. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 546
  96. ^ Fenwick 1998, pp. 172–173
  97. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 29
  98. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 50
  99. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2854
  100. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 507
  101. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2866
  102. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 342
  103. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2851
  104. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 452
  105. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 362
  106. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 524
  107. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2858
  108. ^ Davison 1998i, entry 2868
  109. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 401
  110. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 462
  111. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 526
  112. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 379
  113. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 414
  114. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 466
  115. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 378
  116. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 469
  117. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 559
  118. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 68
  119. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 46
  120. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 531
  121. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 520
  122. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 422
  123. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 421
  124. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 399
  125. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 35
  126. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 39
  127. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 38
  128. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 429
  129. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 503
  130. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 27
  131. ^ Fenwick 1998, p. 206
  132. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 40
  133. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 42
  134. ^ a b Davison 1998b, entry 457
  135. ^ Davison 1998b, entry 508
  136. ^ Davison 1998a, entry 55

Bibliography [edit]

  • Bounds, Philip (2009). Orwell and Marxism: The Political and Cultural Thinking of George Orwell. International Library of Cultural Studies. I.B.Tauris. ISBN978 1 84511 807 5.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998a). A Kind of Compulsion: 1903–1936. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 10. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20542-2.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998b). Facing Unpleasant Facts: 1937–1939. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 11. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20360-2.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998c). A Patriot After All: 1940–1941. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 12. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20362-6.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998d). All Propaganda Is Lies: 1941–1942. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 13. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20364-0.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998e). Keeping Our Little Corner Clean: 1942–1943. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 14. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-40407-8.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998f). Two Wasted Years: 1943. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 15. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-40409-2.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998g). I Have Tried to Tell the Truth: 1943–1944. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 16. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20377-0.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998h). I Belong to the Left: 1945 . The Complete Works of George Orwell. 17. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20372-5.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998i). Smothered Under Journalism: 1946. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 18. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-20556-9.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998j). It Is What I Think: 1947–1948 . The Complete Works of George Orwell. 19. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-21007-5.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (1998k). Our Job Is to Make Life Worth Living: 1949–1950 . The Complete Works of George Orwell. 20. Martin Secker & Warburg. ISBN978-0-436-21009-9.
  • Davison, Peter, ed. (2006). The Lost Orwell. The Complete Works of George Orwell. 21. Timewell Press. ISBN978-1-85725-214-9.
  • Fenwick, Gillian (1998). George Orwell, a Bibliography. Oak Knoll Press & St. Paul's Bibliographies. ISBN978-1-873040-05-8.
  • Gross, Miriam, ed. (1971). The World of George Orwell. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN978-0-671-21124-0.
  • Hammond, J. R. (1982). A George Orwell Companion: A Guide to the Novels, Documentaries, and Essays. St.Martin's Press. ISBN978-0-312-32452-0.
  • Rodden, John, ed. (2007). The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-67507-9.
  • West, W. J., ed. (1985). Orwell: The War Broadcasts. Duckworth & Co/BBC. ISBN978-0-563-20327-8.
  • West, W. J., ed. (1985). Orwell: The War Commentaries. Pantheon. ISBN978-0-394-55701-4.

Further reading [edit]

  • George Orwell: Some Materials for a Bibliography by I. R. Wilson. (1953)
  • George Orwell by Laurence Brander. Longmans (1954)
  • George Orwell: A Selected Bibliography by William White and Zoltan G. Zeke. Boston Linotype Print (1962).
  • George Orwell: An Annotated Bibliography of Criticism (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities volume 54) by Jeffrey Meyers and Valerie Meyers. Garland Publishing (1 January 1977) ISBN 978-0-8240-9955-8
  • George Orwell, First Edition and Price Guide Quill and Brush. (2004)

External links [edit]

  • George Orwell at Curlie
  • Works by George Orwell at the Internet Archive
  • Works by Orwell from the Orwell Prize
  • Works by or about George Orwell in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
  • Works by George Orwell at Open Library
  • George Orwell at the Internet Book List
  • George Orwell Letters and Documents to Be Found in Libraries and Archives in the United Kingdom by Peter Davison

Baby Pic of George Orwell a Average Writer in 1928

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell_bibliography

0 Response to "Baby Pic of George Orwell a Average Writer in 1928"

Enregistrer un commentaire

Inscription à : Publier les commentaires (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel